BHOJSALA TEMPLE VERDICT BY HIGH COURT

* MADHYA PRADESH High Court Recognised The BHOJSALA As Raja Bhoj 's SARASWATI TEMPLE IN THE BHOJSALA - KAMAL MAULA MOSQUE DISPUTE IN DHAR DISTRICT 

* JUSTICE VIJAY KUMAR SHUKLA & ALOK AWASTHI) 

* The BHOJSALA Complex Is Temple Of Goddess Vagdevi ( Saraswati) And A Centre Of Sanskrit Learning Established By Raja Bhoj Of Parmar Dynasty In The 11th Century.

* The Court Is Upheld The Right Of Hindu Worship At The Site And Set Portions Of The 7th April 2003 ASI Order 

* THE ASI Will Continue To Exercise Full Control As The Custodian Of The Protected Monument Under The Ancient Monuments And Archaelogical Sites And Remains Act 1958.

* BHOJSALA 

* BHOJSALA Is Known As The SARSWATI KANTHABHARANA Or Sharda Sadan) Established By Around 1034 AD ( BHOJSALA By Raja Bhoj ( 1000-1055 AD) 

* DHAR WAS THE CAPITAL CITY 

* This Is Built In Clasical Hindu Style With Pratihara And Nagari Influence.

* Inscription in 11-12th Century Has Sanskrit Grammatical Rules, Deities Like ( Vishnu & Saraswati) 

* The Temple Was Attacked Multiple Times By Alauddin Khilji in 1305 AD, 

GUPTA DYNASTY ( RULERS AND FOUNDERS)

* SRI GUPTA ( FOUNDER OF GUPTA DYNASTY) 

* FOUNDED GUPTA DYNASTY BETWEEN (240 - 280 CE) 

* GHATOTKACHA ( SON OF SRI GUPTA ) & SUCCESSOR 

* CHANDRAGUPTA I - 

( SON AND SUCCESSOR OF SRI GUPTA) 

( CORONATION IN 320 AD) 

( FIRST KING OF GUPTA DYNASTY TO ADOPT THE TITLE OF MAHARAJADHIRAJ) 

* EVIDENCE OF CHANDRAGUPTA-1 

- ALLAHABAD PILLAR INSCRIPTION 

( SAMUDRAGUPTA'S COURT POET HARISENA INSCRIPTION WROTE IN SANSKRIT 

* CHANDRAGUPTA -I WAS THE RULER WHO ISSUED FIRST GOLD COIN - 

* MEHRAULI PILLAR INSCRIPTION IN DELHI ) 

* ERAN STONE INSCRIPTIONN ( DESCRIBES SAMUDRAGUPTA SUCCESSOR OF CHANDRAGUPTA 1) 

* SAMUDRAGUPTA - ( 

* SON & SUCCESSOR OF CHANDRAGUPTA 1 

* PERFORMED ASHWAMEDHA YAJNA & ISUUE GOLD COIN 

* SAMUDRAGUPTA DEFEATED SHAKAS & KUSHANA 

- HARISENA WAS THE COURT POET 

- VAKATAKA INSCRIPTION 

- ERAN INSCRIPTION 

* CHANDRAGUPTA -2 ( KNOWN AS - VIKRAMADITYA) 

- SON & SUCCESSOR OF SAMUDRAGUPTA &  MOTHER - DATTADEVI 

- DEFEATED RUDRASENA 3 & ANNEXED HIS KINGDOM 

- DEFEATED SAKAS & ANNEXED MALWA REGION 

* UDAYAGIRI CAVES ( SANCHI) - 

* GOLD COINAGE ( ARCHER, LION SLAYER) 

* CHINESE BUDDHIST MONK FA-HIEN VISITED INDIA (  400-411 CE) 

* HARSHACHARITA & DEVI CHANDRAGUPTAM 

( HARSHACHARITA WRITTEN BY BANABHATTA) 

* HE DEFEATED THE WESTERN KHATRAPAS 

* UJJAIN BECAME COMMERCIA CENTRE ( AND CAPITAL OF MALWA) 

KUMARGUPTA -1 - (415- 455 CE) 

* SON & SUCCESSOR OF CHANDRAGUPTA II 

* FOUNDING CREDIT OF NALANDA UNIVERSITY 

* 

* 

* SKANDAGUPTA - (455-467 CE) 

* LAST GREAT RULER OF GUPTA EMPIRE 

* SUCCEDDED BY HIS BROTHER PURUGUPTA 

* RESTORED THE DAMS ON SUDARSANA LAKE 

EVIDENCES - 

* BHITARI PILLAR INSCRIPTION ( HIS VICTORY OVER HUNAS DESCRIBED IN THIS INSCRIPTION ) & DEFEATING PUSHYAMITRA ( LOCATED IN UTTAR PRADESH) 

* WRITTEN IN NORTHERN BRAHMI LANGUAGE 

* 

* JUNAGADH ROCK INSCRIPTION - (  GUJARAT) 

* HIS GOVERNOR - PARNADATTA 

( MENTIONED SKANDAGUPTA WAS THE SUCCESSOR OF KUMARGUPTA ( BY ITS OWN POWER) 

* ( DESCRIBED DEFEATED THE FOREGINER ( MLECHCHHAS) 

* RECORDED THE RESTORATION OF LAKE 

KAHAUM STONE PILLAR INSCRIPTION - 

( THIS INSCRIPTION DENOTES HE HAS ANOTHER NAME) 

* HE WAS KNOWN AS SHAKRADITYA 

COIN DURING SKANDAGUPTA 

* 

FEW FACTS ON SUBHRAMANYAM CHANDRASEKHAR

* SUBHRAMANYAM CHANDRASEKHAR 

- BORN IN 19th OCTOBER 1910 ( LAHORE) 

- DIED ON - 21ST AUGUST 1995

- INDO - AMERICAN THEORETICAL PHYSICIST 

* PROLIFIC WORK - 

- STRUCTURE OF STARS 

- SRELLAR EVOLUTION 

- BLACK HOLES 

- FLUID DYNAMICS 

* HE DEVELOPED A THEORETICAL MODEL EXPLAINING THE STRUCTURE OF WHITE DWARF STARS 

* HE SHOWED THE MASS OF WHITE DWARF COULD NOT EXCEED 1.44 TIMES OF SUN ( CALLED AS - CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT) 

* HE SERVED AS AN EDITOR OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL (1952-1971) 

* FACULTY OF CHICAGO UNIVERSITY (1937 )

* HE WORK ON RADIATIVE TRANSFER AND QUANTUM THEORY OF THE NEGATIVE ION OF THE HYDROGEN (1943-1950) 

AWARDS - 

* 1968 - PADMA VIBHUSHAN 

* 1983 - NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS ( FOR STRUCTURE  And EVOLUTION OF STARS ) 

* 1952 - BRUCE MEDAL 

* 1957 - RUMFORD PRIZE 

* 1973 - MARIAN SMOLUCHOSKI MEDAL 

* 1989 - GORDON J LAING AWARD 

NAMED AFTER - 

* NASA NAMED ITS THIRD OF ITS FOUR GREAT OBSERVATORY AFTER CHANDRASEKHAR 

* On 23 rd JULY 1999 - THE CHANDRA X- RAY OBSERVATORY WAS LAUNCHED AND DEPLOYED AT SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA 

* A MANGNETO HYDRODYNAMICS NAMED AFTER HIM 

* THE ASTEROID 1958 CHANDRA NAMED AFTER HIM.

* THE HIMALYAN CHANDRA TELESCOPE NAMED AFTER HIM 

* CHANDRA SEKHAR PRIZE OF PLASMA PHYSICS AWARD GIVEN BY ASSOCIATION OF ASIA PACIFIC PHYSICAL SOCIETY ( POST HIS DEATH) 

* BOOK - 

CHANDRA - A BIOGRAPHY 

FEW FACTS ON AUTHOR R K NARAYAN

* AUTHOR R K NARAYAN 

* BORN IN 10TH OCTOBER 1906 ( CHENNAI) 

* PASSED AWAY ON 13th MAY 2001 

* RASIPURAM KRISHNASAMY NARAYANSWAMII 

* HE WAS MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT, RAJYA SABHA (1986 -1992) 

* HIS FIRST PUBLICATION A BOOK REVIEW - DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME LAWS  OF 17TH CENTURY ENGLAND 

* HIS FIRST NOVEL - SWAMY AND HIS FRIENDS (1930) 

* THE BACHELOR OF ARTS (1937) - HIS 2ND NOVEL 

* THE DARK ROOM (1938) - 3RD NOVEL 

* THE ENGLISH TEACHER -4TH NOVEL 

* FIRST COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES ( MALGUDI DAYS) PUBLISHED IN 1942 

* HIS OWN PUBLISHING COMPANY - 

( INDIAN THOUGHT PUBLICATION) 

* MISS MALINI (1947) FOR GEMINI STUDIO 

* THE FINANCIAL EXPERT 

* WAITING FOR THE MAHATMA 

* THE GUIDE (1956) ( WON SAHITYA AKADEMI IN 1960) 

* NEXT SUNDAY (1960) 

* THE MAN -EATER OF MALGUDI (1961) 

* HE WROTE FOR THE HINDU & THE ATLANTIC (MAGAZINE) 

* GODS, DEMONS AND OTHERS ( MYTHOLOGY 1964) 

* THE VENDOR OF SWEETS (1967) 

* A HORSE AND TWO GOATS (1970)

* THE RAMAYANA (1973) 

* THE PAINTER OF SIGNS (1977) 

* THE MAHABHARATA (1978) 

* A TIGER FOR MALGUDI (1983) 

* TALKATIVE MAN (1986) 

* UNDER THE BANYAN TREE AND OTHER STORIES ( 1987) 

* THE WORLD OF NAGRAJ (1990) 

* GRANDMOTHER'S TALE ( LAST ) 

AWARDS - 

* 1960 - SAHITYA AKADEMI AWARD 

* 1961 - FILMFARE BEST STORY AWARD (FOR GUIDE) 

* 1964 - PADMA BHUSHAN 

* 1980 - A C BESON MEDAL ( ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE) 

* HE WAS NOMINATE FOR NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE 

* 1986 - RAJYASTOVA PRASASHTI ( GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA) 

* 1967 - HONORARY DOCTORATE FROM UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 

* DELHI (1973) , MYSORE  UNIVERSITY (1976) 

* 2000 - PADMA VIBHUSHAN 

* IN 2009 A POSTAGE STAMP WAS UNVEILED 

CURRENT AFFAIRS ASKED IN UPPSC PRELIMS EXAM 2025

* ANSWER 

CHANDRAYAAN 3 - 14/07/2023 

ADITYA L1 - 02/09/2023 

INSAT -3D S - 17/2/2024 

RLV LEX- 01 - 02/04/2023 

* ONLY 1 ( BCOZ DOGRI ALSO GIVEN) 

* ANSWER - MYANMAR 

* ANSWER - BOTH RIGHT 

* PARADEEP - ODISHA 

TUTICORIN - TAMILNADU 

KAKINADA - ANDHRA PRADESH 

ALAPPUZHA - KERALA 

* TYPSIN RELEASED FROM STOMACH 

* LIPU LEKH - UTTARAKHAND 

NATHU LA - SIKKIM 

BOMDILA - ARUNACHAL PRADESH 

SHUPKI LA - HIMACHAL PRADESH 

* BABUR - KABUL 

HUMAYUN - DELHI 

JAHANGIR - LAHORE 

SHAH JAHAN - AGRA 

* INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION 

* OZONE DAY - 16TH SEPTEMBER 

ENVIRONMENT DAY - 5TH JUNE 

WILDLIFE DAY - 3RD MARCH 

* 

* LACTIC ACID - CURD 

TARTARIC ACID - GRAPES BANANA TAMARIND 

* BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF PLASMA WATER AND 

ONLY OPTION 2 RIGHT 

NILANJANA RO Y 

* 

* BODO, DOGRI, MAITHALI AND SANTAHALI ADDED 

* INDIA & KYRGYZSTAN 

* ONLY 1 

* 

* BHARATPOL BY CBI ( INTERPOL) 

* ISRAEL 

* ONLY 1 RIGHT 

* ONLY OPTION 1 RIGHT 

( AWARD STARTED FROM 1961) 

* AMARTYA SEN 

* SOUTH EASTERN - KOLKATA ( 1 & 2 RIGHT) 

ARTICLE RELATED TO DPSP ( 36-51 ARTICLE)

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE OF STATE POLICY - (DPSP) 

* DPSP Borrows from Ireland constitution 

* ARTICLE 36 - Definition Of State 

* ARTICLE 37 - Application Of Principles Contained in The Part 

* ARTICLE 38 - STATE TO SECURE SOCIAL ORDER FOR WELFARE TO PEOPLE 

* ARTICLE 39 - Principle Followed By State 

* ARTICLE 40 - Organisation Of Village Panchayat 

* ARTICLE 41 - Right To Work, Right To Education 

* ARTICLE 42 - MATERNITY RELIEF 

* ARTICLE 43 - Living Wages For LABOUR 

* ARTICLE 44 - Uniform Civil Code 

* ARTICLE 45 - Provision For Childcare And Education ( Age 6-15) 

* ARTICLE 46 - Promotion And Economic SC & ST And Weaker Section 

* ARTICLE 47 - Public Health 

* ARTICLE 48 - Organisation Of Agriculture And Animal Husbandry 

* ARTICLE 49 - Probation Of Monuments Places And Object Of National 

* ARTICLE 50 - Separation Of Judiciary From Executive 

* ARTICLE 51 - Promotion Of International Peace And Security 

ARTICLE IMPORTANT FOR OSSSC RI, ARI EXAM PRE 2025

* FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ( ARTICLE 12-35) 

* RIGHT TO EDUCATION - ARTICLE 21-A) 

* UNTOUCHABILITY - ( ARTICLE 17) 

* VILLAGE ( ARTICLE -40) 

* ARTICLE FOR EDUCATION - 

* FOR HIGH COURT - 

* FOR PRESIDENT APPOINTMENT - 54 

* For VICE PRESIDENT - 

* FOR PRESIDENT PREACHING - 

* FOR CAG - 148 ( ESTD OFFICE) 

* FOR GOVERNOR - ( ARTICLE 155) APPOINTMENT )))) 

* FOR FINANCE  COMMISSION - ( ARTICLE 280) 

* FOR EMERGENCY - ( 352-360) 

* PARLIAMENT - ( Article 79) 

* LOK SABHA - ( ARTICLE 81) 

* RAJYA SABHA - ( ARTICLE 80) 

* DPSP - PART IV (ARTICLE 36-51) 

* ISSUING WRITS - (ARTICLE 226) 

* Article 44 - UNIFORM CIVIL CODE ( GOA) 

* ARTICLE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL - ( ARTICLE 76) 

* ARTICLE FOR ELECTION COMMISION - 324 ,( ESTABLISHED) 

* ARTICLE FOR 51 - RIGHT TO SELF DEFENCE 

* ARTICLE 360 - FINANCIAL EMERGENCY 

* ARTICLE 72 - PARDON POWER OF PRESIDENT 

* ARTICLE 5 - CITIZENSHIP 

FEW FACTS ON PHYSICIST BIBHA CHOWDHURI

* PHYSICIST BIBHA CHOWDHURI 

BORN IN - 3RD JULY 1913 

DIED ON - 2ND JUNE 1991 

* KNOWN FOR COSMIC RAYS (INVESTIGATION) 

WORK IN - 

PARTICLE PHYSICS, COSMIC RAYS 

Family - 

* HER MOTHER  (URMILA DEVI) PARTICIPATED IN BRAHMO SAMAJ.

EDUCATION - 

* SHE DID MSc Degree IN 1936, FIRST WOMAN TO DO 

* IN 1939 BIBHA CHOWDHURI JOINED BOSE INSTITUTE.

( WHERE SHE WORKED WITH DEBENDRA MOHAN BOSE AND WORKED ON MESOTRON SHOWERS CALLED - MESONS).

* SHE JOINED UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, TO WORKS ON COSMIC RAYS.

* SHE RETIRED WORKED ON EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS.

* SHE WORKED IN TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL REASERCH.

* SHE JOINED SAHA INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS. ( STUDIES PHYSICS IN FRENCH) 

* KGF EXPERIMENT - Energetic Muons - Emin - 150 Gev ) 

* BIOGRAPHY - 

-  A JEWEL UNEARTHED: Bibha CHOWDHURI 

HONOUR - 

* INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY HAS NAMED A STAR AFTER HER ( BIBHA) (YELLOW WHITE DWARF IN 2018) 

G N RAMACHANDRAN ( BIRTH ANNIVERSARY)

* G N RAMACHANDRAN ( INDIAN PHYSICIST) 

* GOPALSAMUDRAM NARAYAN RAMACHANDRAN 

BORN IN - 8th OCTOBER 1922 (ERNAKULAM) 

PASSED AWAY IN - 7th APRIL 2001 

* POPULARLY KNOWN AS RAMCHANDRAN PILOT 

CAREER - 

* IN 1942 HE JOINED THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE BENGALURU ( IN ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 

* HE CHANGED TO DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ( WHERE HE UNDER SUPERVISION OF PROF DR C V RAMAN) 

* MSTER DEGREE IN PHYSICS IN MADRAS UNIVERSITY 

* DURING HIS Dsc Degree He CREATED AN X-RAY FOCUSING MIRROR FOR THE X-RAY MICROSCOPE 

* In 1952 CRYSTAL PHYSICS 

* USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION RAMCHANDRAN ALONG WITH GOPINATH KARTHA PROPOSED AND PUBLISHED THE TRIPLE HELICAL STRUCTURE OF COLLAGEN IN 1954.

* In 1970 HE FOUNDED MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS UNIT IN IISC BENGALURU

* RAMACHANDRAN AND A V LAKSHMI NARAYAN DEVELOPED CONVOLUTION BACK PROJECTION ALGORITHM 

* In 1981 FOUNDING MEMBER OF WORLD CULTURAL COUNCIL 

AWARD - 

* 1961 - SHANTI SWAROOP BHATNAGAR AWARD IN PHYSICS 

* IN 1968 HE AWARDED PRESTIGIOUS JAWAHARLAL NEHRU FELLOWSHIP FOR RESEARCH IN PROTEIN AND POLYPEPTIDE CONFORMATION 

* 1999 - ROYAL LONDON SOCIETY FELLOWSHIP 

* EWALD PRIZE - ( BY INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY) 

( HE WAS NOMINATE FOR NOBEL PRIZE FOR FUNDAMENTAL CONTRIBUTION IN PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION)